EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR (EGF) IN FETAL GROWTH; EXPRESSIONS OF A RESPONSIBLE OF MOTHER SMOKING.
THE EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR (EHF) IS INVOLVED IN FETAL GROWTH AND ITS EXPRESSION VARIES WITH FETAL GROWTH DISORDERS MICROVILLI PURIFIED FROM CHILDREN WITH IUGR THE PLACENTS PRESENTS THE REDUCTION OR ABSENCE OF PHOSPHORYLATION OF RECERPTORS EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR PLACENTAL (EGF-R) AND ACTIVITY TYROSINE-KINASE.
PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY-NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY-GENETICS-ENDOCRINE-PEDIATRICS (SUBDIVISION OF ENDOCRINOLOGY): DR. JOÃO SANTOS CAIO JR. ET DRA. HENRIQUETA VERLANGIERI CAIO.
Maternal smoking reduces the child's weight at birth in approximately 200 g, with the main effect occurring in late pregnancy; the placenta responds to smoking by significant changes in the vasculature, leading to fetal hypoxia. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): attention to risk factors; "The fetal growth restriction, also called intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), is the term used to describe a fetus that has not reached its growth potential due to genetic or environmental factors. Can be caused by fetal factors, placental and/or maternal, but not always able to make such identification. This term should not be used to describe a constitutionally small fetus is healthy. There is a reduction in the number of EGF-Rs - and a reduced affinity of these receptors for EGF - epidermal growth factor in placents from women who smoke - the receptors of placental epidermal growth factors (EGF-R). The hypertensive patients also have reduced the amount of EGF-Rs – the receptor of placental epidermal growth factor (EGF-R) and may cause intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The levels of EGF - epidermal growth factors in amniotic fluid usually is increased close to term, but are reduced in complicated by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) pregnancies despite being not increased in large-for gestational age. The levels of EGF in the first urine eliminated by children with IUGR and macrosomia are lower than the control children. EGF administered in fetal large animals (e.g., monkeys) results in a histological and biochemical maturation of his lungs, causing an air exchange and a decreased need for respiratory support. The concentration of the surfactant factor apoprotein A and the lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio are-is elevated in fetal amniotic fluid treated with EGF. Exogenous surfactant is a key drug in the treatment of infants with a history of respiratory distress syndrome; it is for this reason important to know the different types available in the market, its history and properties of, and inform dosing, drug components and the indications of the types of pulmonary surfactant that are on the market.
Therefore, therapy with exogenous surfactant is widely used in the treatment of hyaline membrane disease (HMD) in preterm neonates who require ventilatory support. The development of this therapy has been an important historical step forward in neonatal intensive care. It has been studying its beneficial use in other respiratory diseases of the newborn, such as meconium aspiration syndrome, pulmonary hemorrhage and bronchopneumonia. The surfactants are four apoproteins SP-A, SP-B, SP-C and SP-D. SP-A and SP-D are hydrophilic and SP-B and SP-C are hydrophobic. SP-A and SP-D plays an important role in the defense against inhaled pathogens and SP-A which also has a regulatory role in monolayer reduces the surface tension. Hydrophobic proteins are needed to improve the spread of phospholipids in the air spaces. SP-B promotes the adsorption of phospholipids and induces bring them into the monolayer. SP-C stimulates the insertion of phospholipids and can increase the resistance to inhibition by surfactants of the serum proteins and pulmonary fluid. That being so, smoking mothers should have the responsibility to make a reflection of personal damage beyond damage to the fetus including short stature due to respiratory distress caused to their fetuses and these facts are perennial.
Dr. João Santos Caio Jr.
Endocrinologia – Neuroendocrinologista
CRM 20611
Dra. Henriqueta V. Caio
Endocrinologista – Medicina Interna
CRM 28930
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AUTORIZADO O USO DOS DIREITOS AUTORAIS COM CITAÇÃO
DOS AUTORES PROSPECTIVOS ET REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA.
Referências Bibliográficas:
Caio Jr, João Santos, Dr.; Endocrinologista, Neuroendocrinologista, Caio,H. V., Dra. Endocrinologista, Medicina Interna – Van Der Häägen Brazil, São Paulo, Brasil; Pierce KL, et al. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-dependent ERK activation by G protein-coupled receptors: a co-culture system for identifying intermediates upstream and downstream of heparin-binding EGF shedding. J Biol Chem. 2001;276(25):23155–60; Touyz RM, et al. Increased angiotensin II-mediated Src signaling via epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation is associated with decreased C-terminal Src kinase activity in vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 2002;39(2 Pt 2):479–85; Bobe R, et al. Evidence for ERK1/2 activation by thrombin that is independent of EGFR transactivation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003;285(2):H745–54; Scapoli L, et al. Src-dependent ERK5 and Src/EGFR-dependent ERK1/2 activation is required for cell proliferation by asbestos. Oncogene. 2004;23(3):805–13; Li Z, et al. Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2 suppresses ERK1/2 activation and epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation by X-irradiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006;341(2):363–8; Cuevas B, et al. SHP-1 regulates Lck-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase phosphorylation and activity. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(39):27583–9; Li Y, et al. The c-Src tyrosine kinase regulates signaling of the human DF3/MUC1 carcinoma-associated antigen with GSK3 beta and beta-catenin. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2001;276(9):6061–4; Fukazawa H, Mizuno S, Uehara Y. Effects of herbimycin A and various SH-reagents on p60v-src kinase activity in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990;173(1):276–82; Akhand AA, et al. Nitric oxide controls src kinase activity through a sulfhydryl group modification-mediated Tyr-527-independent and Tyr-416-linked mechanism. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(36):25821–6; Krasnowska EK, et al. N-acetyl-l-cysteine fosters inactivation and transfer to endolysosomes of c-Src. Free radical biology & medicine. 2008;45(11):1566–72; Oo ML, et al. Cysteine residues in the C-terminal lobe of Src: their role in the suppression of the Src kinase. Oncogene. 2003;22(9):1411–7.
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